The City

The City is a book by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist. It was published posthumously in 1921. In 1924 it was incorporated into a larger book, Economy and Society. The analysis of city consists of many different subjects—including study of religion (especially Protestantism), history of development of democracy in Western Europe.
Weber argues that the development of cities in European culture (Occidental cities) as an autonomous associations with its own municipal officials was influenced by such factors as:
the religion of Christianity
the privileged legal position of the citizens (based upon citizen's obligation for military service)
the decline of religious sanctions of kinship solidarity that facilitated creation of unified urban community
That made the city's population easily influenced by later ideas of the Reformers.
In Weber's own words:
The origin of a rational and inner-worldly ethic is associated in the Occident with the appearance of thinkers and prophets [...] who developed in a social context which was alien to the Asiatic cultures. This context consisted of the political problems engendered by the bourgeois status-group of the city, without which neither Judaism, nor Christianity, nor the development of Hellenistic thinking are conceivable.